^{Genomics and Molecular Biology}

Sanitary landfi ll is the most common solid waste management globally. Th e key success of a sanitary landfi ll depends on its leachate management. In biological treatment technology, anaerobic and aerobic processes are promising methods to treat the biodegradable matters especially biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammoniacal nitrogen. While this conventional method is still practiced currently, emerging new, non-conventional methods have also been developed. Th erefore, instead of heterotrophic denitrifi cation procedure, autotrophic denitrifi cation was found as a substitute method to treat wastes with little carbon content and high nitrogen content. In this paper, it is shown that targeting the respective parameters for the removal of the leachate is the key selection of biological processes. Aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrifi cation (AME-D) and partial nitritation–anammox processes are among the widely studied technologies for the biological treatment processes. Studies on the microbial activity and metabolism related to the biological treatment technology should be a future fi eld of study for the researchers to optimize the leachate treatment process. With the integration of biological process in the leachate treatment, the effl uent discharge could be treated in a shorter time and it may represent potential novel pathway for the organic content and

nitrogen removal.