10^th International Conference on ^{Genomics and Molecular Biology} May 21-23, 2018 Barcelona, Spain

Tzitzijanik Madrigal Domínguez completed her Graduation in Biology from Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (UAM) in 2010; studied at Molecular Oncology Laboratory and received her MA in Experimental Biology from UAM in 2013. She is currently a PhD student in Experimental Biology Program-UAM. She is a Member of Mexican Association for Cancer Research which is a civil association, made up of scientists recognized both nationally and internationally as leaders in the development of basic, clinical, pharmacological and social research projects associated with the study of cancer.

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by the TP53 gene which is located in chromosome 17p13.1. In response to environmental and cellular stress p53 activates the expression of genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. Th e TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. It has also been demonstrated that some mutant p53 proteins not only lose tumor suppressor activity, but also acquire novel oncogenic functions also known as “gain of function” (GOF) that are independent of wild-type (WT) p53. Recent studies have shown that mutant p53 can regulate gene expression and exert oncogenic eff ects through specifi c miRNAs. We transfected p53 mutants (p53R273, p53R175H, p53R248Q) into p53-null Saos2 cells, profi led the miRNA expression by miRNA PCR array, we selected and validated the expression of miR-182, miR-200b, miR- 3151 and miR-509-5p by real-time quantitative PCR and observed that mutants of p53 have a global negative eff ect for human miRNome expression, however some miRNAs were upregulated. Here we found tumor suppressors miRNAs downregulated like miR-200b, miR- 3151 and miR-509-5p or oncomiRNAs like miR-182 upregulated. Many studies have reported that patients with tumors carrying p53 mutations have worse prognosis and poorer response to conventional anticancer treatments that those bearing p53 WT protein, therefore, our study contributes to the understanding of regulation of miRNAs by mutants of p53 that could explain in part the role of mutant p53 proteins in the development of cancer and may help propose new target therapies.

Wenbin Li completed his PhD in Plant Genetics and Breeding in 1988 at Northeast Agricultural University of China. He is working at Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University for more than 15 years as a Director and Professor. His major research areas are covered by soybean functional genomics, gene characteristics for agronomic important traits, and molecular breeding. He has published over 80 peer reviewed papers in numbers of international journals, such as New Phytologist, The Plant Journal, TAG, BMC Genomics and Heredity. Recently, he became a member of Executive Committee for World Soybean Association, and an Associate Editor of BMC Genomic.

Disease resistance and seed quality are important traits for soybean breeding. Better understanding of the genetic architecture and genomic landscape of soybean germplasm with targeted traits is the precondition of molecular design breeding of soybean. Construction of a favorable data platform including phenotyping and genotyping pools and effi cient analytical approaches were the fundamental tasks for molecular breeding work. Th erefore, more than 500 diverse soybean accessions were sequenced using specifi c-locus amplifi ed fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to establish a genotype database. In total, 64 141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) > 0.05 were found among the 512 tested accessions. Th e genotyped soybean germplasm has been phenotyped for some important soybean quality traits including soybean fatty acid components and seed vitamin E content under multi-environmental conditions. Resistance to diff erent pathogens including resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), soybean white mold (SWM), soybean root rot (SRR) and soybean mosaic virus (SMV) has also been phenotyped. A set of loci were found to be associated with the above traits by GWAS and some of them were confi rmed by bi-parental mapping which has been used for molecular assisted selection breeding. A set of candidate genes for disease resistance that have been evaluated via sequence polymorphism and diff erential expression in special donors were cloned and were staged in functional genomics research.

Nehir Ozdemır Ozgenturk completed her Graduation at Ege University; Master's Degree in Plant Breeding Department and PhD in the Department of Justus Liebieg University. In 2003, she worked at the Cereal Research Center in Canada as a Post-doc. Also she worked at Georgia Medical School for four mounths with Nato fellowship. She has scientifi c paper in various scientifi c journals, publications and presentations at international conferences.

Pathways and Co-expression Network Analysis of Immune-Related Genes in Short-term Calorie Restricted Mice RNA-seq technology was performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the MMTV-TGF-α female mice thymus tissues that were fed ad libitum (AL), cronic calorie restriction (CCR) (85% of AL fed mice) and intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) (3 weeks AL fed, 1 week 40% of AL fed mice) from 10 weeks of age to 17 weeks of age or 18 weeks of age. Th e results of RNA-seq analysis, a total of 6091 signifi cantly diff erentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identifi ed. 2821, 2825 and 445 signifi cantly DEGs were detected between AL-CCR, CCR-ICR and AL-ICR fed groups, respectively. Th ese DEGs were classifi ed according to cellular components, biological processes and molecular functions Gene Ontology (GO) main categories. 188 of 2821, 36 of 445, 176 of 2825 genes were identifi ed to be involved in immune system process (GO:0002376) biological processes GO categories. KEGG pathway and the gene co-expression network analysis between AL-CCR, CCR-ICR and AL-ICR fed groups immune-related DEGs were done using String database. For network analysis, nodes and edges were presented the interaction between immune-related DEGs.Calorie restriction is to reduce the amount of calorie received without malnutrition. Th is manipulation method has positive eff ects on life span, cancer formation and immune response in the long run. However, there are also some systems such as lymph organs that respond quickly to lack of calories. Th ymus is one of these lymph organs. In this study, two type calorie restriction practices (CCR/ICR) were used on MMTV-TGF- α transgenic mice and a group of mice were fed ad libitum (AL) as a control group. It is aimed to determine the changes that the nutrition type will bring about in the expression of genes. Th e manipulation started at the 10th week of the life of the mice and ended at the 17th and 18th week. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome were performed to the RNAs obtained from the thymus of the sacrifi ced mice. Th rough RNA-Seq results “Diff erential Expressed Genes” (DEGs) were determined. 6091 of them have been identifi ed as statistically signifi cant (p <0.05). Th e AKT1, CTCF, PTEN genes known to cause breast tumor development were selected by data banks. Th e selected genes were searched in three diff erent RNA-Seq data and expression levels were determined for three genes in three diff erent medium. Changes in expression level are displayed via graphics

Kyung Bae Pi completed his MS from Kyung Hee University, South Korea. He is a Senior Researcher and Project Leader of Incheon Business Information Technopark, South Korea. He has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Skin infl ammation and dermal injuries is a major clinical problem due to the current therapies limited to established scars with poor understanding of healing mechanisms. Unique adhesive and biocompatibility properties of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) are known for their great potential in many tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Previously it was successfully demonstrated that redesigned hybrid type MAP, fb -151, mass produced in gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, could be utilized as a promising adhesive biomaterial. However, the biological activity of vitronectin-bound recombinant fb -151 has not been established. Th e aim of this study was to develop a novel recombinant protein using MAP and vitronectin and to elucidate the anti-infl ammatory eff ects of these on macrophages and keratinocytes. We investigated the anti-infl ammatory activities of recombinant fb -151 conjugated vitronectin (MAP151-V). LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) was used as a stimulant for macrophages and UVB was used as a stimulant for keratinocytes. Macrophages stimulated by LPS increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2, which are infl ammatory factors, while the MAP151-V -treated groups suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, keratinocyte stimulated with UVB showed reduced expression of iNOS and COX-2 MAP151-V treatment. Interestingly, in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, infl ammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αwere signifi cantly reduced by MAP151-V treatment. Th ese results suggest that MAP151-V has a more eff ective anti-infl ammatory activity on keratinocyte, suggesting its use as a skin infl ammation and therapeutic agent of skin

Schermann Sabine obtained her Master’s Degree in Bioinformatics at Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France) in 2011. Just after her studies, she joined the DuPont Company as a Bioinformatician. She works in the Research and Development Department-Nutrition and Health division of the same company. Her team works on the selection and study of lactic acid bacteria aimed to be used in the dairy industry. Her main missions are tool development, Linux server maintenance and the conduction of genomics analyses.

Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the dairy industry to produce diverse cheeses. Several decades of meticulous microbial selection have provided large collections of strains with appropriate technological attributes such as fast milk acidifi cation, improved bacteriophage resistance and desired aroma production. Th e objective of this study is to link specifi c phenotypes to the genetic content of select strains using a pan-genome approach following whole genome sequencing. Whole genome sequences were generated for 29 L. lactis subsp. cremoris or subsp. lactis proprietary strains using Illumina sequencing. Th e 29 draft genomes ranged in size between 2.40 and 2.90 Mb (mean: 2.57 Mb) and were organized into 94 to 332 contigs, refl ecting a varying content of repeated sequences, notably insertion sequences. Th e number of predicted CDS varied between 2,644 and 3,521 per genome (mean: 2,813). In most genomes, putative plasmid-based contigs could be detected, although this prediction of plasmid nature is not trivial. Overall, 81,578 CDS were classifi ed into 10,604 gene families (pangenome), including 1,142 core genes and 4,769 unique genes. In this study, many novel genes and functions could be identifi ed easily within a set of 29 L. lactis strains having a potential for industrialization. Although this species is well-known for its small genome size, our data indicate a signifi cant strain-to-strain genetic diversity in agreement with already observed physiological distinctive features thus paving the way for further genomic analyses.

Dong Woog Choi has completed his PhD from Seoul National University, South Korea and Postdoctoral studies from University of California at Riverside, USA. He is the Professor in the Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, South Korea.

Pyropia are commercially valuable marine red algae that grow in the intertidal zone and extremely tolerant to desiccation stress. We identifi ed and reported the desiccation response genes (DRGs) based on comparison of the transcriptomes of P. tenera. Among them, PtDRG1 encodes a polypeptide of 22.6 kDa that located in chloroplast. PtDRG1 does not share sequence homology with known genes in public database except for several red algae species. Transcription of the PtDRG1 gene was upregulated by osmotic stress induced by mannitol or H2O2 as well as desiccation stress but did not respond to heat. When PtDRG1 was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and Chlamydomonas, the transformed cells grew much better than control cells under high temperature as well as osmotic stress induced by mannitol and NaCl. In addition, PtDRG1 signifi cantly reduced the thermal aggregation of substrate protein at heat stress condition. Th ese results demonstrate that PtDRG1 have a chaperone function and plays a role in tolerance mechanism for abiotic stress in Pyropia. Th is study shows that red algae have unknown stress proteins such as PtDRG1, and that these proteins have chaperon function and play a role in stress tolerance in red algae as stress proteins such as dehydrin work in green plants.

Akhilesh Mishra has done his Master’s in Bioinformatics from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. He is pursuing his PhD from Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi. He is the Recipient of CSIR-UGC-SRF and BINC award from the Department of Biotechnology, India. He has published many research articles in reputed peer reviewed journals.

The specifi c binding of transcription factors (TFs) to specifi c DNA sequences make the DNA motifs promising drug targets for the coordinated regulation of gene expression. Here, we present Onco-Plus, an integrated database of regulatory motifs of cancer genes clubbed with Unique Sequence Predictor (USP) (http://www.scfb io-iitd.res.in/soft ware/onco/NavSite/index. htm) and a soft ware suite for targeting DNA for drug discovery. USP identifies unique sequences (i.e. these sequences occur only once in the entire genome and if targeted would presumably show no off -target binding /side eff ects) for each of the identifi ed regulatory DNA motifs at the specified position in the genome by extending a given DNA motif, in 5’→3’or 3’→5’ or in both directions. For each identifi ed motif, three possible unique sequences could be generated. Taking off from the identifi ed unique sequences as drug targets, a rapid virtual screening against a million-compound library could be performed (http:// www.scfb io-iitd.res.in/PSDDF/tool4.php) to generate a list of hit molecules (potential candidate drugs) with their predicted binding free energies. Th is methodology is demonstrated on E2F transcription factor binding site for the WNT10B gene, implicated in breast and endometrial cancers and a few small molecules are proposed as potential drug candidates. Being fast and cost eff ective, this protocol could be of considerable value in generating new potential drug candidates to inhibit desired sequences for further experimental studies.

Jian Xu has completed his PhD from Peking Union Medical School, China. He is an Associate Professor and Vice Director of Center of Aquatic Genomics of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China. He has published 33 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Frontiers in Genetics.

The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species cultured in Europe and Asia and globally accounts for over 70% of freshwater aquaculture production worldwide. Various populations of C. carpio distribute all over the world and mainly in the Eurasian continent, showing distinct biological characteristics including scale, color, body shape, etc. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the traits were not very clear yet. Here we present a population genomic analysis on 14 populations of C. carpio. High throughput SNP genotyping of 2,587 representative individuals from worldwide 14 populations demonstrates diff erent genetic component for C. carpio in two subspecies (C. carpio subsp. haematopterus and C. carpio subsp. carpio). Quality control of SNPs were conducted with following parameters (call rate>95%, genotype rate>95%, MAF>5%). A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed with RAxML and displayed with iTOL soft ware (http:// itol.embl.de/upload.cgi), and all SNPs were used to investigate the PCA with SMARTPCA. Population structure were fi nished using STRUCTURE with 2,000 iterations. Th e resulting structure matrix was plotted using STRCTURE PLOT v2.0. LD (linkage disequilibrium) block average lengths of 14 populations range from 3.94kb to 36.67kb. We calculated the π distribution for each linkage group using a sliding window method in VCFTOOLS. Th e window width was set to 10 kb, and the stepwise distance was 10 kb. Th e π values from the main populations were compared, and the ratios were sorted. Fst and Tajima’s D values were also calculated using VCFTOOLS with the parameters “–weir-fst-pop” and “–TajimaD”, respectively. We identifi ed the regions with the 5% highest p ratios and the regions with the 5% highest Fst values. Genes within selective sweep regions were identifi ed by genome scanning among diff erent populations, including gdf6a, grb7, mtnr1ba, tgfb r2, etc. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses by DAVID soft ware unveiled potential trait-related GO terms and pathways which were associated with body shape, scaling patterns and skin color, such as TGF-beta signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and so on. Th e population genomics analysis paves the way for better evolutional studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of C. carpio.

Bong Jun Kim completed his Graduation from Hallym University, Department of Biomedical Sciences and studied experimentation in the virology laboratory for about a year during his undergraduate degree. In the same year, he acquired a certifi cate for handling experimental animals. He majored in Medical Genetics with a Master's degree. He studied COPD-associated gene mutations in a Korean cohort through next-generation genome analysis and statistical analysis. Currently, he collaborates with Neurosurgeons as a member of industry-academia cooperation group and studying neurosurgical diseases.

Introduction & Aim: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) contribute to poor clinical outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Haptoglobin (Hp) comprised of two light (α) and two heavy (β) chains has anti-oxidant eff ect by free hemoglobin (Hb) binding. Among three phenotypes, Hp1-1 (two α1), Hp2-1 (α1 and α2), and Hp2-2 (two α2), higher protective eff ect for toxic free Hb is reported in Hp2-2 than Hp1-1. However, few studies have focused on Hp2-1 in determining outcome. Th is study aims to examine the α1 and α2 expression and to evaluate the association with outcomes in Hp2-1. Methodology: Eighty-seven patients were prospectively enrolled: Hp1-1 (12, 13.8%); Hp2-1 (36, 41.4%); and Hp2-2 (n=39, 44.8%). Phenotypes was confi rmed by western blotting. Th e relative intensities were measured as α intensities divided by the albumin intensities and expressed as the median (25th-75th percentile). Th e diff erence in α intensities according to DCI, angiographic vasospasm (AV) and outcome (mRS 0-2) in 6 months were analyzed. Results: DCI (n=21, 53.8%) and AV (n=22, 56.4%) were more frequently observed in Hp2-2 than Hp1-1 (DCI, n=3 (25.0%) and AV, n=3 (25.0%)). Th e α1 intensities in Hp2-1 without DCI (0.70 (0.54-0.89)) and AV (0.65 (0.32-0.88)) were signifi cantly higher than that with DCI (0.24 (0.14-0.32), p<0.001) and AV (0.32 (0.17-0.67), p=0.046). For α2 intensities, no signifi cant diff erence was noted according to DCI (p=0.377) and AV (p=0.459). Th e α1 (p=0.359) and α2 (p=0.233) intensities did not diff er signifi cantly according to outcome. Conclusions: Higher α1 intensities in Hp2-1 can be associated with lower DCI and AV. Th e α1 intensity degree may provide additional information on individual risk of secondary injury following SAH in Hp2-1.

Radek Vodicka has completed his PhD study of Medical Genetics at the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic in 2003. In 2015 he was appointed as an Associate Professor in the same fi eld. Since 2001, he has been working in the DNA Diagnostics Laboratory at the Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic. He is also working as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc. He has published more than 35 papers.

There has been previously described higher prevalence of Parkinsonism in small isolated region from the South-Eastern Moravia. We used NGS Ion AmpliSeq Exome method (IonTorrent) for two (A and B) subfamily trios. Each trio comprised of two aff ected and one healthy person. DNA exome libraries were sequenced on IonPI chips. Variants were predicted using Torrent Suite and Ion Reporter soft wares. Aligned reads (BAM fi les) were than analyzed using Ion Reporter Whole Exome Trio workfl ow. Final fi ltering was done with respect to population frequency, variant eff ects and with respect to the presence of variants in Parkinsonism disease responsible genes. Last fi lter was done with respect to the segregation of the disease. Almost whole exome was sequenced with coverage 1-20 and 90% of exome was covered more than 20x in all the samples. Together more than 70,000 variants with average base coverage depth 75 were analyzable in both trios before fi ltering. Aft er fi ltering there were found 99 and 96 variants in trio A and B respectively. Th e most potentially associating variants with parkinsonism are as given in tabulated form as follows: Detailed whole exome analyses in genetic isolated parkinsonism patients could contribute to further understanding of molecular-genetic mechanism and background of the disease.

Ann Cathrin Leroux studied BSc in Medical Biotechnology at Univesity of Rostock, Germany and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at Ulm University, Germany. She is currently working on her PhD at Sartorius Stedim Gellca GmbH and Ulm University. She has completed Master studies at Ulm University and University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Germany. Her master thesis research fi eld includes: Infl uence of promoters on the productivity of CHO DG44 cells, performed at Sartorius Stedim Cellca GmbH. She has done her Bachelor studies at University of Rostock, Germany.

Mature miRNAs are 19-25 bp long RNA duplexes, which are associated with RISC (RNA induced silencing complex) and bind to mRNAs leading to translational expression. It has been shown, that miRNAs also play a role in regulation of productivity and cell growth in CHO cells. Th is work investigates the role of miRNA in recombinant protein production in CHO DG44 cells including a variety of diff erent products with production-relevant fi nal product concentrations (up to 8 g/l in fed-batch mode). Additionally, the infl uence of miRNA on the glycosylation pattern of the recombinant protein is investigated. In detail, 24 clonal cell lines expressing four diff erent therapeutic proteins are selected based on fi nal product concentrations and glycosylation patterns. Th ese clones were cultivated in an ambr® 15 system in fed-batch mode collecting process and glycosylation data. Cell samples are used for NGS of small RNA on the Illumina NextSeq System. Between 150 and 200 predicted small RNAs were found in each cell line. Of these, 10 to 20% are putative novel and could not be found in miRBase 2, Rfam 13.0 or RNAdb 2.0. Overall, 394 distinct miRNAs could be identifi ed. Diff erential analysis revealed that there is great variety between therapeutic protein groups, as diff erentially expressed miRNAs was only recurred in maximum two of these groups. In a follow-up study, 5 to 10 diff erentially expressed miRNAs of each product group will be tested for their eff ects on therapeutic protein production and glycosylation in CHO DG44 cells.

Taewoon Joo has completed her Doctor of Science Degree majoring in Biomedical Informatics and Convergence Medicine from Ajou University of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of South Korea in August 2017 and currently is a Research Fellow at the same university. Her research interests are Genomics, Bioinformatics and System Biology. She has authored more than fi ve papers in reputed journals including Cancer Research, Nature communication, Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Oncotarget and BMC Bioinformatics.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology is now widely used in biomedical research fi eld. Th e application of NGS technologies includes the identifi cation sequence variants of DNA or RNA and the quantitation of RNA abundances or DNA copy numbers. Previously several soft wares for NGS data processing pipelines have been released. However, the soft wares do not cover the recently updated GDC pipelines which is a standardized pipeline used in the processing of the TCGA data. Moreover, there is no comprehensive tools that handle the recent clinical applications of NGS technology such as cell-free DNA, small RNA, and exosomal RNA sequencing data. Here, we developed a SEQprocess that can provide NGS processing pipelines covering the GDC pipeline as well as the new data for clinical applications. SEQprocess is implemented in an R program to provide an automated and user friendly interfaces. SEQprocess also provide a fl exible customization framework by modularizing the multiple NGS processing steps that can be easily included or excluded in the process. In addition, SEQprocess automatically generate a report that summarize the processing steps, which will ensure reproducibility of the NGS data analysis.

Chan-Yen Kuo has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Tunghai University. He is an assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Hsin Sheng junior college of medical care and management, Taiwan. His studies focus on the role of VHL on development of ccRCC in vitro and in vivo; Lon protease functions as a stress protein in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death; Screening the effective nature products on inflammation induced cancer Cancer biology, Atherosclerosis, Vascular biology, Oxidant stress, DNA damage and repair, Microenvironment and tumorigenesis, Human age-related disease, Tissue-derived stem cells (Adipose-derived stromal cells and human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells)

Introduction: Apoptosis of hepatocyte, under ischemia/reperfusion (IR) conditions, has been identifi ed as an essential process in the progression of liver transplantation. Under these conditions, mitochondria can become a threat to the cell because of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS overproduction may induce infl ammation. As ROS accumulation appear to cause hepatocyte damage or death, there has been considerable interest in identifying the candidate natural products involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. Materiasl & Methods: In this study, we use Danshensu as an candidate product to speculate whether has the protective eff ect on apoptotic hepatocyte upon IR. To speculate the apoptotic phenomena was reversed by Danshensu, we detected the p53, cleaved-caspase 3 expression by western blotting, as well as caspase-3 activity. Additionally, we analyzed the ROS levels by 2' ,7'-dichlorofl uorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staininng. We also detected the cell viability by WST-1. Results & Discussion: Results showed that Danshensu alleviated hypoxia-caused cell apoptosis via ROS overproduction. However, the precise roles of ROS in liver as a regulatory, protective, or deleterious mediator are still unresolved questions and need to be further investigated. Conclusion: We suggested that Danshensu is a good strategy for treating hepatocyte damage upon IR.

Yi-Ru Ho completed her Graduation from Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi Universit. Currently, she is a Research Assistant in Department of Medical Research Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital. She is interested in “Primary cell culture of ADMSC, cell culture of neuron cell, MTT assay, DNA extraction, qPCR, Western blot, fl ow cytometry of cell cycle and cell marker, Luciferase assay, siRNA transfection, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, intraperitoneal injection of mice”.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a risk factor for uveitis, and excessive UVB exposure causing corneal endothelium injury, including apoptosis, is a serious condition. Th erefore, drugs that can inhibit apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells represent an eff ective strategy for treating uveitis. Simvastatin is widely used as a specifi c inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, can reduce levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and exerts anti-infl ammatory eff ects. However, the eff ect of simvastatin on uveitis remains unclear. Th erefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether UVB promotes the initiation of apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells and subsequently contributes to uveitic injury reversible by simvastatin treatment. Our fi ndings indicated that simvastatin alleviated UVB-induced corneal endothelial cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activity.